Process Industries

This paper outlines a study to assess existing mechanical and chemical cleaning techniques in oil processing plants, natural gas liquid (NGL), and utility facilities.  The cleaning assessment covered the major equipment at crude stabilization units.

The effect of gas-liquid flow and inhibitor concentration on corrosion of carbon steel was evaluated by laboratory experiment.

Continuous wash water injection in gas recovery units (GRU) is a best practice for corrosion control. The case study describes failures that occurred in the wash water injection system.

Hydrazine is used as an oxygen scavenger to control corrosion in steam generating systems, despite being a genotoxic carcinogen. This investigation confirmed an Amine Base Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor can be an effective replacement for toxic hydrazine.

This study reports the tolerance of phosphonates with hardness ions under a variety of test conditions (i.e., temperature, type and concentration of hardness ions, total dissolved solids, etc.).

A polyethylene unit experienced a gas leak within a high pressure tube and shell heat exchanger. Failure analysis revealed that the tube wall loss was beneath residual deposits. Preventative measures and improvements in inspection & cleaning procedures are discussed.

The corrosion behavior of mild steel in a gas reforming CO2-H2O-CHOOH environment at high temperature and pressure (210°C; 3500KPa) was studied using polarization and mass loss tests as well as online corrosion monitoring techniques

Specimens of duplex stainless steel (DSS) were exposed at temperature of 200°C in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of a digester processing.

This study will aim to characterize the oxide scales formed on alloy surfaces under such superheated environments and how the presence of these oxides reduces corrosion.

Pertinent mechanisms of scale and deposition control processes as well as the sources of contaminants are discussed. Methods of prevention and control parameters are demonstrated with laboratory and field results.

This study used a synthetic solution to simulate weak black liquor environments (5 g/L sodium hydroxide and 20 g/L sodium sulphide) at 160°C to perform laboratory experiments.

This paper presents the development program of UNS S83071, a new improved duplex stainless steel customized for the high-pressure section of urea plants.